Bubble Sort
Simple comparison sort with O(n²) average case.
Selection Sort
Select minimum element and swap into place.
Insertion Sort
Build sorted array one element at a time.
Merge Sort
Divide-and-conquer stable sort, O(n log n).
Quick Sort
Partition-based sort with average O(n log n).
Heap Sort
Sort using binary heap, O(n log n) in-place.
Counting Sort
Non-comparison sort for bounded integer keys.
Radix Sort
Digit-by-digit sorting for integers and strings.
Shell Sort
Generalized insertion sort with gap sequence.
TimSort
Java's default hybrid merge/insertion sort in Arrays.sort.